国家政策和制度评估 (CPIA) 公共部门透明度、问责性和腐败评级（1=低至 6=高）

指标解释

World Bank official description / 世界银行官方说明

The Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) measures the extent to which a country’s policy and institutional framework supports sustainable growth and poverty reduction, and consequently the effective use of development assistance. The outcome of the exercise yields both an overall score and scores for sixteen criteria that compose the CPIA. These criteria include: A. Economic Management (1. Monetary and Exchange Rate Policies; 2. Fiscal Policy; 3. Debt Policy and Management), B. Structural Policies (4. Trade; 5. Financial Sector; 6. Business Regulatory Environment), C. Policies for Social Inclusion/Equity (7. Gender equality; 8. Equity of public resource use; 9. Building human resources; 10. Social protection and labor; 11. Policies and institutions for environmental sustainability), D. Public Sector Management and Institutions (12. Property rights and rule-based governance; 13. Quality of budgetary and financial management; 14. Efficiency of revenue mobilization; 15. Quality of public administration; 16. Transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector). The Transparency, Accountability, and Corruption in the Public Sector criterion assesses the extent to which the executive, legislators, and other high-level officials can be held accountable for their use of funds, administrative decisions, and results obtained. Accountability is generally enhanced by transparency in decision-making, access to relevant and timely information, public and media scrutiny, and by institutional checks (e.g., inspector general, ombudsman, or independent audit) on the authority of the chief executive. The criterion covers four dimensions: (a) the accountability of the executive and other top officials to effective oversight institutions; (b) access of civil society to timely and reliable information on public affairs and public policies, including fiscal information (on public expenditures, revenues, and large contract awards); (c) state capture by narrow vested interests; and (d) integrity in the management of public resources, including aid and natural resource revenues.

可供参考的中文翻译：公共部门透明度、问责性和腐败评级用于评估行政部门、立法机构及其他高级官员对其资金使用、行政决策和所取得成果的问责程度。问责的强化通常依托于决策过程的透明化、相关信息和及时信息的可获取性、公共和媒体监督，以及对主要行政权力的制度性制约（如监察长、申诉专员或独立审计）。该评级涵盖四个维度：（a）行政首脑及其他高级官员对有效监督机构的问责；（b）民间社会获取关于公共事务和公共政策的及时可靠信息（包括财政信息，如公共支出、收入和大型合同授予）；（c）狭隘既得利益对国家的捕获；（d）包括援助和自然资源收入在内的公共资源管理诚信度。

数据口径与风险提示

• 本指标仅覆盖IDA借款低收入国家，中国未纳入CPIA评估体系，故无中国数据，无法进行中外国别比较
• 指标得分反映的是透明度与问责的制度框架水平，不直接等同于实际腐败程度
• 评级涵盖四个维度但仅提供单一综合得分，各维度差异无法从中识别
• CPIA评估仅针对低收入国家群体，样本存在天然选择性偏差，跨国比较需谨慎
• 世行可能在不同年份调整评估标准和问卷内容，可能影响趋势解读
• IDA资源分配指数随借款资格动态调整，被评估国家池随之变化，可能导致聚合统计的口径漂移

中国趋势

全球趋势

每十年变化摘要

2024 年全部国家排名

排名已尽量排除 World、地区组和收入组，仅保留国家参与比较。排名高低应结合指标口径解释。

相关变量组合

这些变量适合与当前指标共同使用，用于论文建模、课程作业和长面板数据整理。