私营部门参与的供水及卫生投资（现价美元）

指标解释

World Bank official description / 世界银行官方说明

The Private Participation in Infrastructure (PPI) Database records contractual arrangements for public infrastructure projects in low- and middle-income countries (as classified by the World Bank) that have reached financial closure, in which private parties assume operating risk. Investment in water projects with private participation refers to commitments to infrastructure projects in potable water (treatment and distribution, and sewerage collection and treatment that has an active government component) that have reached financial closure and directly or indirectly serve the public. The types of projects included are management and lease contracts, brownfield projects, greenfield projects (in which a private entity or a public-private joint venture builds and operates a new facility), and divestitures. Investments are classified as one of two types: (1) Investments in physical assets: resources the project company commits to invest in expanding and modernizing facilities and (2) payments to the government: to acquire state-owned enterprises or rights to provide services in a specific area or to use radio spectrum. Data is presented based on investment year. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

可供参考的中文翻译：私营部门参与基础设施（PPI）数据库记录了低收入和中等收入国家（按世界银行分类）中已进入财务结算阶段且私方承担运营风险的公共基础设施项目契约性安排。私营部门参与的供水项目投资是指已进入财务结算阶段、直接或间接为公众提供服务的供水设施（处理与配送、污水收集与处理，且政府在其中发挥积极作用）项目的承诺。涵盖的项目类型包括管理租赁合同、棕地项目、绿 地项目（由私企或公私合资企业建造和运营新设施）以及资产剥离项目。投资分为两类：(1) 物质资产投资：项目公司承诺用于扩建和现代化改造设施的资源；(2) 向政府支付款项：用于收购国有企业、在特定区域提供服务的权利或使用无线电频谱的权利。数据按投资年份列示，数据以现价美元为单位。

数据口径与风险提示

• 本指标仅涵盖已进入财务结算阶段的供水及卫生PPP项目，未进入财务结算的项目承诺不计入
• 数据范围限于低收入和中等收入国家，不包括高收入经济体
• 投资数据按名义美元计价，未消除汇率波动和通胀影响，跨国比较需谨慎
• 不同项目类型的投资规模差异悬殊，新建项目与并购项目的统计口径可能不一致
• 部分年份中国数据存在较大波动，与重大单体项目的推进节奏高度相关
• 世界汇总数据在PPI数据库中无公开记录，无法直接获取全球趋势
• 供水及卫生基础设施投资额受政府规划周期影响，可能出现阶段性集中
• 私营部门参与模式因国而异，管理合同与完全私有化的投资规模不可直接对比

中国趋势

全球趋势

每十年变化摘要

2023 年全部国家排名

排名已尽量排除 World、地区组和收入组，仅保留国家参与比较。排名高低应结合指标口径解释。

相关变量组合

这些变量适合与当前指标共同使用，用于论文建模、课程作业和长面板数据整理。