水与卫生领域公私合作投资（现价美元）

指标解释

World Bank official description / 世界银行官方说明

The Private Participation in Infrastructure (PPI) Database records contractual arrangements for public infrastructure projects in low- and middle-income countries (as classified by the World Bank) that have reached financial closure, in which private parties assume operating risk. Public private partnerships in water refers to commitments to infrastructure projects in potable water (treatment and distribution, and sewerage collection and treatment that has an active government component) that have reached financial closure and directly or indirectly serve the public. The types of projects included are management and lease contracts, brownfield projects, and greenfield projects (in which a private entity or a public-private joint venture builds and operates a new facility). It excludes divestitures and merchant projects. Investments are classified as one of two types: (1) Investments in physical assets: resources the project company commits to invest in expanding and modernizing facilities and (2) Payments to the government: to acquire state-owned enterprises or rights to provide services in a specific area or to use radio spectrum. Data is presented based on investment year. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

可供参考的中文翻译：私营基础设施投资（PPI）数据库记录了在低收入和中等收入国家（按世界银行分类）达到融资关闭的公共基础设施项目的合同安排，私人方承担运营风险。水务领域的公私合作（PPP）指达到融资关闭的直接或间接为公众服务的水务基础设施项目承诺，包括供水（处理和配送）以及具有政府参与成分的污水收集和处理。项目类型包括管理和租赁合同、棕地项目和绿地项目（其中私营实体或公私合资企业建设和运营新设施）。不包括资产剥离和商业项目。投资分为两类：（1）实物资产投资：项目公司承诺用于扩大和现代化设施的资源；（2）向政府支付款项：收购国有企业或获得在特定区域提供服务的权利或使用无线电频谱。数据按投资年份呈报，数据以现价美元为单位。

数据口径与风险提示

• 本数据仅覆盖低收入和中等收入国家，高收入经济体的水务PPP投资不在统计范围内
• 数据按投资年份记录，不代表当年实际支出，部分项目可能跨年执行
• 数据库仅记录达到融资关闭的项目，已宣布但未关闭的项目不纳入
• 项目类型包括管理租赁、棕地和绿地项目，但不包括资产剥离和纯商业项目
• 金额为名义美元值，未剔除通货膨胀因素，跨年比较需谨慎
• 同一项目可能因融资结构或再融资导致重复计入
• 政府参与成分的界定存在一定主观性，可能影响项目归类
• 数据覆盖范围随时间推移可能扩展或收窄，历史可比性受限

中国趋势

全球趋势

每十年变化摘要

2023 年全部国家排名

排名已尽量排除 World、地区组和收入组，仅保留国家参与比较。排名高低应结合指标口径解释。

相关变量组合

这些变量适合与当前指标共同使用，用于论文建模、课程作业和长面板数据整理。