格鲁吉亚：按图表集法衡量的人均国民总收入（GNI）（现价美元）

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格鲁吉亚：按图表集法衡量的人均国民总收入（GNI）（现价美元）历年数据

单位：Current US$

指标解释

World Bank official description / 世界银行官方说明

Gross national income is the total income earned by all residents within an economic territory during an accounting period. It is equal to gross domestic product plus earned income receivable from abroad minus earned income payable abroad. This figure is converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas method, and divided by the midyear population. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.

可供参考的中文翻译：国民总收入（GNI）是指一个经济体在核算期内所有居民创造的总收入，等于国内生产总值（GDP）加上从境外应收的收入减去向境外应付的收入。该数字使用世界银行图表集法换算为美元，再除以年中人口数。GNI 通常按官方汇率换算为美元以便于经济体之间的比较，但在官方汇率被认为与实际国际交易汇率存在异常大的偏离时，会使用替代汇率。为熨平价格和汇率波动，世界银行采用图表集换算法，应用给定年份及此前两年的汇率平均值，并根据该国与G-5国家（法国、德国、日本、英国和美国，2000年前）或欧元区和英美日（2001年后）之间的通胀率差异进行调整。本指标以现价美元表示，未做任何时间价格变化调整。

数据口径与风险提示

• 本指标以美元计值，受汇率波动影响显著，美元走强时各国数值普遍偏高，可能掩盖以本币计的实际收入变化。
• 图表集法对汇率和通胀进行三年平均平滑处理，与单一年份官方汇率换算结果存在差异，不宜直接与其他来源的美元计值指标混用。
• 现价指标未剔除通胀因素，2024年数值与1962年数值不可直接比较实际购买力变化，需使用不变价或PPP口径补充分析。
• GNI 包括境外净收入，但人口以年中人口计，两者的统计时点和方法差异可能影响人均计算的精确度。
• 跨国比较时，各国经济领土界定、居民身份认定标准及外汇管制情况均会影响 GNI 的核算口径，可比性存在局限。
• 低收入国家数据缺失率较高，全球平均值可能被少数大经济体主导，中小经济体代表性可能不足。

格鲁吉亚WDI数据常见问题