尼日尔：国家政策和制度评估 (CPIA) 社会保障评级（1=低至 6=高）

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尼日尔：国家政策和制度评估 (CPIA) 社会保障评级（1=低至 6=高）历年数据

单位：Score [SCORE]

指标解释

World Bank official description / 世界银行官方说明

The Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) measures the extent to which a country’s policy and institutional framework supports sustainable growth and poverty reduction, and consequently the effective use of development assistance. The outcome of the exercise yields both an overall score and scores for sixteen criteria that compose the CPIA. These criteria include: A. Economic Management (1. Monetary and Exchange Rate Policies; 2. Fiscal Policy; 3. Debt Policy and Management), B. Structural Policies (4. Trade; 5. Financial Sector; 6. Business Regulatory Environment), C. Policies for Social Inclusion/Equity (7. Gender equality; 8. Equity of public resource use; 9. Building human resources; 10. Social protection and labor; 11. Policies and institutions for environmental sustainability), D. Public Sector Management and Institutions (12. Property rights and rule-based governance; 13. Quality of budgetary and financial management; 14. Efficiency of revenue mobilization; 15. Quality of public administration; 16. Transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector). The Social Protection criterion assess government policies in social protection and labor market regulations that reduce the risk of becoming poor, assist those who are poor to better manage further risks, and ensure a minimal level of welfare to all people. Specifically it evaluates social protection (SP) and labor policies, namely those engaged in risk prevention by supporting savings and risk pooling through social insurance, protection against destitution through redistributive safety net programs and promotion of human capital development and income generation, including labor market programs. It also assesses the functioning of an SP system, including its effectiveness in a crisis and in providing arrangements and incentives to help beneficiaries to move from protection to promotion and prevention, including through interactions with private, informal means of SP. The criterion covers: (a) the overall SP system; (b) social safety net programs; (c) labor markets programs and policies, namely those aiming to promote employment creation and productivity growth while protecting core labor standards and ensuring adequate working conditions; (d) local service delivery and civil society participation in community development programs; and (e) pension and old age savings programs.

可供参考的中文翻译：国家政策和制度评估（CPIA）衡量一国政策和制度框架支持可持续增长和减贫的程度，进而评估发展援助的有效使用。评估结果产生一个总体评分和构成CPIA的十六项标准得分。这些标准包括：A. 经济管理（1.货币和汇率政策；2.财政政策；3.债务政策与管理）；B. 结构政策（4.贸易；5.金融部门；6.商业监管环境）；C. 社会包容/公平政策（7.性别平等；8.公共资源使用公平性；9.人力资源建设；10.社会保障与劳动力；11.环境可持续性政策与制度）；D. 公共部门管理与机构（12.财产权和基于规则的治理；13.预算和金融管理质量；14.收入动员效率；15.公共管理质量；16.公共部门透明度、问责性和腐败）。社会保障标准评估政府在社会保障和劳动力市场法规方面的政策，这些政策降低陷入贫困的风险、帮助贫困人群更好地管理进一步的风险，并确保最低水平的全民福利。具体而言，它评估社会保障（SP）和劳动力政策，即通过社会保险支持储蓄和风险分担进行风险预防的政策、通过再分配社会保障计划防止贫困的政策、以及促进人力资本开发和收入创造的劳动力市场项目。它还评估SP系统的运作，包括其在危机中的有效性，以及提供安排和激励措施以帮助受益者从保护转向促进和预防，包括与私人、非正式的SP方式互动。该标准涵盖：（a）整体SP系统；（b）社会安全网项目；（c）劳动力市场项目和政策，即促进就业创造和生产率增长同时保护核心劳工标准并确保适当工作条件的项目；（d）地方服务提供和民间社会组织参与社区发展项目；（e）养老金和养老储蓄项目。

数据口径与风险提示

• 本指标仅适用于IDA（国际开发协会）受援国，中国作为中等偏上收入国家，通常不在CPIA评估范围内，因此本页面中CHN数据不可得
• CPIA评分基于世界银行工作人员的专业判断，存在一定程度的主观性，不同评估年份的评分可能受评估标准微调影响
• 社会保障评级反映的是政策框架设计质量，不代表实际社会保障覆盖水平或财政支出规模
• 跨年度比较时需注意评估方法论可能存在调整，不同年份的评分不一定完全可比
• 该指标为定性评估的聚合得分，无法分解到具体社会保障项目（如低保、养老保险、失业保险）的实际执行效果
• 高分不必然意味着社会保障体系对弱势群体的实际覆盖充分，还需结合具体社会支出数据验证
• 世界银行仅公布部分国家的CPIA数据，样本国家可能随时间变化，影响全球平均值计算的连续性

尼日尔WDI数据常见问题