适合先看哪些数据？
研究马达加斯加时，通常会先查看人口、GDP、人均GDP、经济增长率、贸易开放度、通胀、预期寿命、教育和环境排放等基础指标。这些变量能帮助用户快速判断马达加斯加的经济规模、居民收入、增长波动、人口结构和可持续发展压力。
马达加斯加：来自联合国机构的净官方流动，UNICEF（现价美元）
Madagascar：Net official flows from UN agencies, UNICEF (current US$)
下载数据指标代码：DT.NFL.UNCF.CD | 国家/经济体代码：MDG
趋势图表
趋势解读
马达加斯加的Net official flows from UN agencies, UNICEF (current US$)在1970年至2023年有54个有效观测值。长期看，最新值较起点变化13,364,000（约+9545.7%）；最近五个有效年份整体呈下降。该指标为现价或美元口径，趋势会受到通胀、汇率和价格水平影响。
数据一览
马达加斯加：来自联合国机构的净官方流动，UNICEF（现价美元）历年数据
单位：current US$
| 年份 | 数值 |
|---|---|
| 2023 | 13,504,000 |
| 2022 | 13,901,000 |
| 2021 | 11,980,000 |
| 2020 | 13,939,000 |
| 2019 | 14,764,000 |
| 2018 | 12,778,431 |
| 2017 | 13,017,740 |
| 2016 | 10,218,578 |
| 2015 | 11,980,016 |
| 2014 | 10,577,533 |
| 2013 | 11,470,370 |
| 2012 | 10,131,362 |
| 2011 | 11,820,000 |
| 2010 | 12,800,000 |
| 2009 | 12,720,000 |
| 2008 | 17,049,999 |
| 2007 | 12,450,000 |
| 2006 | 6,040,000 |
| 2005 | 5,930,000 |
| 2004 | 5,000,000 |
| 2003 | 4,740,000 |
| 2002 | 5,050,000 |
| 2001 | 3,570,000 |
| 2000 | 5,700,000 |
| 1999 | 3,540,000 |
| 1998 | 3,730,000 |
| 1997 | 3,590,000 |
| 1996 | 4,570,000 |
| 1995 | 6,020,000 |
| 1994 | 8,010,000 |
| 1993 | 6,670,000 |
| 1992 | 5,450,000 |
| 1991 | 3,830,000 |
| 1990 | 4,010,000 |
| 1989 | 3,230,000 |
| 1988 | 4,230,000 |
| 1987 | 2,530,000 |
| 1986 | 1,300,000 |
| 1985 | 1,050,000 |
| 1984 | 920,000 |
| 1983 | 1,050,000 |
| 1982 | 910,000 |
| 1981 | 980,000 |
| 1980 | 1,200,000 |
| 1979 | 800,000 |
| 1978 | 280,000 |
| 1977 | 270,000 |
| 1976 | 560,000 |
| 1975 | 120,000 |
| 1974 | 280,000 |
| 1973 | 100,000 |
| 1972 | 130,000 |
| 1971 | 110,000 |
| 1970 | 140,000 |
指标解释
World Bank official description / 世界银行官方说明
Net official flows from UN agencies are the net disbursements of total official flows from the UN agencies. Total official flows are the sum of Official Development Assistance (ODA) or official aid and Other Official Flows (OOF) and represent the total disbursements by the official sector at large to the recipient country. Net disbursements are gross disbursements of grants and loans minus repayments of principal on earlier loans. ODA consists of loans made on concessional terms (with a grant element of at least 25 percent, calculated at a rate of discount of 10 percent) and grants made to promote economic development and welfare in countries and territories in the DAC list of ODA recipients. Official aid refers to aid flows from official donors to countries and territories in part II of the DAC list of recipients: more advanced countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the countries of the former Soviet Union, and certain advanced developing countries and territories. Official aid is provided under terms and conditions similar to those for ODA. Part II of the DAC List was abolished in 2005. The collection of data on official aid and other resource flows to Part II countries ended with 2004 data. OOF are transactions by the official sector whose main objective is other than development-motivated, or, if development-motivated, whose grant element is below the 25 per cent threshold which would make them eligible to be recorded as ODA. The main classes of transactions included here are official export credits, official sector equity and portfolio investment, and debt reorganization undertaken by the official sector at nonconcessional terms (irrespective of the nature or the identity of the original creditor). UN agencies are United Nations includes the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), World Food Programme (WFP), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), United Nations Development Programme(UNDP), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), United Nations Regular Programme for Technical Assistance (UNTA), United Nations Peacebuilding Fund (UNPBF), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), International Labour Organization (ILO), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR). Data are in current U.S. dollars.
可供参考的中文翻译：来自联合国机构的净官方流动是来自联合国机构官方流量总额的净支付额。官方流动总额是官方发展援助（ODA）或官方援助和其他官方流动（OOF）的总和，代表整个官方部门向受援国提供的支付总额。净支付是赠款和贷款的支付总额减去偿还以往贷款的本金。官方发展援助（ODA）包括以优惠条件提供的贷款（至少具有20%的捐赠成分，以10%的贴现率计算）和旨在促进列入DAC的ODA受援名单中的国家和领地的经济发展和福祉的赠款。官方援助指的是官方捐助者为列入DAC的受援国名单中第二部分的国家和领地提供的援助流量。联合国机构包括联合国儿童基金会（UNICEF）、世界粮食计划署（WFP）、国际农业发展基金（IFAD）、联合国开发计划署（UNDP）、联合国难民署（UNHCR）等。数据按现价美元计。
数据口径与风险提示
- 本指标仅反映UNICEF向各国提供的净官方流动，不包括其他联合国机构或多边组织的援助
- 净流动额=总支付额-本金偿还，可能因债务还本导致负值
- 数据为现价美元，未剔除通货膨胀影响，不同年份间比较需谨慎
- 各国接受UNICEF援助的规模受人道主义危机、儿童健康状况、联合国项目布局等多因素影响，不宜直接作为发展水平评判依据
- 部分年份数据可能因报告滞后或调整而存在修正
- UNICEF援助重点通常聚焦于儿童健康、教育、营养等领域，与一般ODA流向可能有差异
- 2020年代数据显示中国该指标绝对值极低，可能反映UNICEF对华援助策略调整或统计口径变化
- 该指标不包含UNICEF通过多边渠道或与非政府组织合作产生的间接支出
马达加斯加WDI数据常见问题
数据覆盖如何理解？
当前构建中，马达加斯加最新有值年份为 - 年，最新年份有值指标数为 0，覆盖年份范围为 --- 年，数据总体缺失率约 0%。这意味着不同指标的可用年份并不完全一致，下载长面板后需要先检查缺失值再设定样本区间。
论文和课程作业怎么用？
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